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Click：2155    Date：2023-06-19

The Hydrogen fuel cell inputs hydrogen from the hydrogen electrode (fuel electrode) on the negative side of the battery, and air or oxygen from the oxidation electrode (air or oxygen) on the positive side. There is no electrolyte between the positive and negative electrodes, and the electrolyte separates the two poles. According to different types of fuel cells, different electrolytes are used, including acidic, alkaline, molten salts, or solid electrolytes. In fuel cells, the fuel and oxidant undergo an electrochemical reaction through the action of a catalyst to generate electricity and water during the energy conversion process. Therefore, gas emissions such as nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons that cause pollution to the atmospheric environment will not be generated.

The difference between fuel cells and ordinary batteries is:

1. A fuel cell is an energy conversion device that requires energy (fuel) input during operation to produce electrical energy. A regular battery is an energy storage device that must first store electrical energy into the battery. During operation, it can only output electrical energy and does not require input or generate electrical energy. This is the essential difference between fuel cells and regular batteries.

Once the technical performance of a fuel cell is determined, the electrical energy it can generate is only related to the supply of fuel. As long as the fuel is supplied, electrical energy can be generated, and its discharge characteristics are continuous. After determining the technical performance of ordinary batteries, they can only output electrical energy within their rated range, and must be recharged repeatedly before they can be reused. Their discharge characteristics are intermittent.

3. The mass and volume of the fuel cell body are not large, but the fuel cell requires a set of fuel storage devices or fuel conversion devices and auxiliary equipment to obtain hydrogen. The mass and volume of these fuel storage devices or fuel conversion devices and auxiliary equipment far exceed the fuel cell itself. During the working process, the fuel will gradually be consumed with the generation of fuel cell electricity, and the mass will gradually decrease (referring to limited fuel in vehicles). Ordinary batteries do not have any other auxiliary equipment. After the technical performance is determined, whether fully charged or discharged, the mass and volume of the battery remain basically unchanged.

4. Fuel cells convert chemical energy into electrical energy, and ordinary batteries also convert chemical energy into electrical energy, which is their common feature. However, when fuel cells generate electrical energy, the reactants participating in the reaction are continuously consumed and no longer reused after the reaction. Therefore, it is required to continuously input reactants. The active substance of a regular battery changes with the charging and discharging of the battery, and the active substance undergoes reversible chemical changes repeatedly. The active substance is not consumed, only some electrolyte and other substances need to be added.